Áö¹æ»êÀÇ ºÐÇØ
1. Áö¹æ»êÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä »ý¸®Àû ±â´É
(1) ÀÎÁöÁú (phospholipid)°ú ´çÁöÁú (glycolipid)µéÀÇ ±¸¼º¼ººÐ
(2) À¯µµÃ¼µéÀº È£¸£¸óµéÀ̳ª ¼¼Æ÷³» Àü·É (intracellular messenger)·Î ÀÛ¿ë
(3) triacylglycerols°ú °°Àº ¿¡³ÊÁö ÀúÀå¹°Áú
2. ±¸Á¶
1) ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ±¸Á¶½Ä: CH3(CH2)nCOOH
Æ÷ÈÁö¹æ»ê : no C-C double bonds
ºÒÆ÷ÈÁö¹æ»ê: double bonds
¸í¸í¹ý; common name (´Ù¸¥ ±³°ú¼¸¦ ÂüÁ¶ÇÒ °Í)
systematic name: n-octadecanoic acid(stearic acid)
octadecenoic acid (oleate)
octadecadienoic acid
octadecatrienoic acid
numbering: carboxyl ¸»´ÜºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀÛ
»ý¹°°è¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â Áö¹æ»êµéÀº ÀüÇüÀûÀ¸·Î´Â 14¿Í 24°³ »çÀÌÀÇ Â¦¼ö·Î Á¸ÀçÇϸç, ±× Áß¿¡¼µµ 16°ú 18°³ÀÇ Åº¼Ò¸¦ °¡Áø °ÍµéÀÌ °¡Àå ¸¹´Ù.
3. triacylglycerols
ÁÖ ¿¡³ÊÁö¿øÀ¸·Î¼ ¸Å¿ì ³óÃàµÈ ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ ÀúÀåÇüÀÌ´Ù. ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â ȯ¿øµÈ »óÅ·ΠÁ¸ÀçÇÏ´Â µ¿½Ã¿¡, ¹«±Ø¼ºÀ¸·Î¼ ¹«¼ö »óÅÂ(anhydrous)·Î Á¸ÀçÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¹«¼ö»óÅ´ ¼öȰ¡ µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇϸç, µû¶ó¼ ´ÜÀ§ ±×¶÷´ç º¸´Ù ¸¹Àº ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ÇÔÀ¯ÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. (´çÀ̳ª ±Û¸®ÄÚ°Õ, ¾Æ¹Ì³ë»êÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â ¾à 16-17 kJ/g, Áö¹æÀº ¾à 37 kJ/g)
TriacylglycerolÀº µ¿¹°¿¡¼ Áö¹æÁ¶Á÷ (¶Ç´Â Áö¹æ¼¼Æ÷)¿¡ ÀúÀåµÈ´Ù.
Áö¹æ¼¼Æ÷³ª À½½Ä¹°·Î ¼·ÃëÇÑ triacylglycerolÀº Áö¹æ»êÀ» À¯¸®½ÃŰ´Â lipase¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ºÐÇØµÇ±â ½ÃÀÛÇϴµ¥ ÀÌ È¿¼ÒÀÇ È°¼ºÀº adrenaline, glucagon, ºÎ½ÅÇÇÁúÀÚ±Ø È£¸£¸ó (adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH)¿Í °°Àº È£¸£¸óµéÀÇ cAMP¸¦ ¸Å°³·Î ÇÏ´Â ½ÅÈ£Àü´Þ¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© Á¶ÀýµÈ´Ù. Áö¹æ»êÀº triacylglycerol·ÎºÎÅÍ ´Ü°èÀûÀ¸·Î À¯¸®µÇ°í Ç÷¾× ¼Ó¿¡ À¯¸®µÈ Áö¹æ»êÀº Ç÷û¾ËºÎ¹Î°ú °áÇÕÇÏ¿© ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °÷À¸·Î ¿î¹ÝµÈ´Ù.
À½½Ä¹°·Î ¼·ÃëÇÑ triacylglycerolÀº ¼Ò·® À§Àå¿¡¼ ºÐÇØµÇ°í ´ëºÎºÐÀº ½ÊÀÌÁöÀåÀ¸·Î À̵¿ÇÏ¿© ÃéÀå¿¡¼ ºÐºñµÇ´Â lipase¿Í ºñƯÀÌÀû esteraseµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ºÐÇØµÈ´Ù. ÃéÀåÀÇ lipase´Â C-1°ú C-3ÀÇ Áö¹æ»êÀ» °¡¼öºÐÇØÇϰí, ´Ù¸¥ lipase¿Í esterase´Â C-2 À§Ä¡¸¦ °ø°ÝÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¶§ triacylglycerolÀÇ ºÐÇØ¸¦ µµ¿ÍÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ´ãÁó»ê¿°À¸·Î triacylglycerolÀ» À¯È½ÃŰ´Â µ¿½Ã¿¡ È¿¼ÒµéÀÇ È°¼ºÀ» ÃËÁø½ÃŲ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ºÐÇØµÈ Áö¹æ»ê Áß ÂªÀº »ç½½ Áö¹æ»ê (ź¼Ò 10°³ ÀÌÇÏ)Àº Á÷Á¢ ÀÛÀºÃ¢ÀÚ Á¡¸·ÀÇ À¶¸ð·Î Èí¼öµÇ°í, º¸´Ù ±ä °ÍµéÀº ´ãÁó»ê°ú ÇÔ²² micelleÀ» Çü¼ºÇÏ¿© À¶¸ðÀÇ »óÇǼ¼Æ÷·Î Àü´ÞµÈ´Ù. »óÇǼ¼Æ÷¸¦ Åë°úÇÑ Áö¹æ»êµéÀº ±Û¸®¼¼·Ñ°ú ÃàÇÕµÇ¾î ´Ù½Ã triacylglycerolÀ» Çü¼ºÇϰí, Áö¹æ´Ü¹éÁú°ú °áÇÕÇÏ¿© chylomicron (À¯¹ÌÀÔÀÚ)¸¦ Çü¼ºÇÑ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¸²ÇÁ°è³ª Ç÷·ù·Î ¿î¹ÝµÇ¾î °£, Æó, ½ÉÀå, ±ÙÀ° µî ´Ù¸¥ Á¶Á÷À¸·Î ¿î¹ÝµÈ´Ù. À̵é Á¶Á÷¿¡¼ triacylglycerolÀº ´Ù½Ã ºÐÇØµÇ¾î ±Û¸®¼¼·Ñ°ú Áö¹æ»êÀ» ¹æÃâÇϰí, À̵éÀº »êȰúÁ¤À» ¹â°ÔµÈ´Ù.
1) glycerolÀÇ ºÐÇØ
glycerol ¡æ glycerol 3-phosphate ¡æ dihydroxyacetone phosphate
2) Áö¹æ»êÀÇ ºÐÇØ
(1) Áö¹æ»êÀÇ »êÈ´Â ¹ÌÅäÄܵ帮¾Æ ³»¿¡¼ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö´Âµ¥ ±ä »ç½½ÀÇ Áö¹æ»ê °æ¿ì´Â ¹ÌÅäÄܵ帮¾Æ¸¦ Åë°úÇϱâ Àü¿¡ ¿Ü¸·¿¡¼ Ä«¸£º¹½Ç±â¿¡ CoA°¡ °áÇյǴ Ȱ¼ºÈµÇ´Â °úÁ¤À» °ÅÄ£´Ù. À̰ÍÀ» acyl-CoA¶ó°í ºÎ¸£¸ç À̰ÍÀÇ Çü¼ºÀº acyl CoA synthetase¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Ã˸ŵǴ µÎ ´Ü°èÀÇ °úÁ¤À¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù. ¿ì¼± Áö¹æ»êÀÌ ATP¿Í ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ¿© acyl adenylate¸¦ Çü¼ºÇϰí, À̰ÍÀÌ CoA¿Í ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ¿© acyl CoA¸¦ Çü¼ºÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹ÝÀÀµé °¢°¢Àº °¡¿ªÀûÀ¸·Î Àüü ¹ÝÀÀÀÇ ÆòÇü»ó¼ö´Â 1¿¡ °¡±õ´Ù. ±×·¸Áö¸¸ ATP°¡ °¡¼öºÐÇØµÇ¸é¼ »ý±â´Â PPi´Â ´Ù½Ã 2Pi·Î °¡¼öºÐÇØµÇ¸é¼ Á¤¹ÝÀÀÀÇ ÁøÇàÀ» °¡´ÉÄÉ ÇÑ´Ù.
(2) Medium chainÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â ÇÊ¿ä¾øÀ¸³ª long chainÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â ³»¸·À» Åë°úÇϴµ¥ carnitineÀÌ °ü¿©ÇÑ´Ù. ¸· ¿ÜºÎ¿¡¼´Â carnitine acyltransferase IÀÌ acyl carnitineÀ» Çü¼º½Ã۸ç, À̰ÍÀÌ translocase¸¦ ÅëÇØ Àü´ÞµÈ ÈÄ ¸· ³»ºÎ¿¡¼´Â carnitine acyltransferase II°¡ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¿ª¹ÝÀÀÀ» Ã˸ÅÇÑ´Ù. ª°Å³ª Áß°£ ±æÀÌÀÇ Áö¹æ»êÀº À¯¸® »óÅ·Π¹ÌÅäÄܵ帮¾Æ ³»·Î ¿î¹ÝµÇ¾î acyl-CoA·Î Ȱ¼ºÈµÈ´Ù.
4. Áö¹æ»êÀÇ »êÈ ( in mitochondria matrix )
Áö¹æ»êÀº ³× ¹øÀÇ ¹ÝÀÀ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ acetyl CoA, NADH, FADH2¸¦ °¢°¢ 1ºÐÀÚ¾¿ »ý¼ºÇÏ¸é¼ µÎ°³ÀÇ Åº¼Ò¿øÀÚ¸¸Å ÁÙ¾îµå´Â ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ °è¼ÓµÈ´Ù.
1) ¥â »êÈ: ¥âź¼Ò·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ »êȷμ Áö¹æ»êÀÇ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ »êȰúÁ¤ÀÌ´Ù.
±×·±µ¥ ÀÌ °æ¿ì Áö¹æ»êÀÇ Á¾·ù¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¸¥ È¿¼ÒµéÀÎ Ãß°¡·Î ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
(1) ¦¼öÀÇ Åº¼Ò¸¦ °¡Áø Æ÷ÈÁö¹æ»ê
¥â oxidation °úÁ¤Àº 4 ´Ü°è·Î ÁøÇàµÈ´Ù. ¿ì¼± FAD¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ »êȰ¡ ÀϾ°í, ¼öÈ, ´Ù½Ã NAD+ ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ »êÈ, ±×¸®°í ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î CoA¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ thiolysis°¡ ÀϾÙ.
ÀÌ ¹ÝÀÀµé¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÏ´Â TCA cycle¿¡¼ succinate¡æfumarate¡æmalate¡æ oxaloacetate °úÁ¤°ú À¯»çÇÏ´Ù.
acyl CoA dehydrogenase: acyl CoA(n) ¡æ trans-¥Ä2-enoyl CoA (Claisen condensationÀÇ ¿ª¹ÝÀÀ)
enoyl CoA hydratase (crotonase): ¡æ L-hydroxyacyl CoA
L-3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase: ¡æ 3-ketoacyl CoA (¥â-ketoacyl CoA)
¥â-ketothiolase: ¡æ acetyl CoA + acyl CoA(n-2)
Claisen
condensation: alpha-hydrogen in esters (like alpha-hydrogen
in aldehydes or ketones) are weakly acidic and can form ester enolates when treated with strong bases. Ester enolates can act as carbon nucleophiles and attack on the carbonyl group of a second ester molecule. A new carbon-carbon bond is formed and the product is a beta-ketoester.
¹ÝÀÀÀÇ °á°ú´Â Cn-acyl CoA + FAD+ NAD++ H2O + CoA ¡æ Cn-2-acyl CoA + FADH2 + NADH + acetyl CoA + H+ ·Î¼, palmitoyl CoA (C16)ÀÇ °æ¿ì 8 acetyl coA + 7FADH2 + 7NADH + 7 H+ °¡ »ý±ä´Ù. µû¶ó¼ 8 acetyl CoA ¿¡¼ ATPÀÇ »ý¼ºÀº
8 x 12 (10) = 96 (80)
7 FADH2 7 x 2 (1.5) = 14 (10.5)
7 NADH 7 x 3 (2.5) = 21 (17.5)
-------------------
= 131 (108)
±×·±µ¥ Áö¹æ»êÀÇ È°¼ºÈ¿¡¼ 2ºÐÀÚÀÇ °í¿¡³ÊÁö°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾úÀ¸¹Ç·Î (ATP ¡æ AMP + PPi), 1ºÐÀÚÀÇ palmitate Áö¹æ»ê¿¡¼´Â µµÇÕ 131 (108) - 2 = 129 (106) ºÐÀÚÀÇ ATP°¡ »ý¼ºµÈ´Ù.
2) ºÒÆ÷È Áö¹æ»êÀÇ »êÈ
2Á¾·ùÀÇ Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ È¿¼ÒÀÛ¿ëÀÌ ÇÊ¿ä: enoyl CoA isomerase¿Í 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase
A. ´ÜÀÏ ºÒÆ÷ÈÁö¹æ»ê (¿¹: Palmitoleate(cis-¥Ä9-hexadecanoate)ÀÇ »êÈ)
3¹øÀÇ »êȰúÁ¤ ÈÄ¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â »ê¹°Àº cis-¥Ä3-enoyl CoAÀÌ´Ù. À̰ÍÀÇ ÀÌÁß°áÇÕÀº C-3¿Í C-4 »çÀÌ¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ À§Ä¡ÀÇ ÀÌÁß°áÇÕÀº C-2¿Í C-3 »çÀÌ¿¡ ÀÌÁß°áÇÕÀÌ »ý±â´Â °ÍÀ» ¹æÇØÇϹǷΠÀ̰ÍÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ ¿Å±â´Âµ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ È¿¼Ò°¡ enoyl CoA isomerase·Î¼ trans-¥Ä2-enoyl CoA°¡ Çü¼ºµÈ´Ù.
B. ´ÙºÒÆ÷È Áö¹æ»ê (cis,cis-¥Ä9,¥Ä12-octadecadienoate, linoleoyl-CoA)
enoyl-CoA isomerase°¡ µÎ ¹ø ÀÛ¿ëÇϰí, 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase°¡ Ãß°¡·Î ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
3¹øÀÇ »êȰúÁ¤ ÈÄ¿¡ cis-¥Ä3,¥Ä6-enoyl CoA°¡ »ý¼ºµÈ´Ù. À̰ÍÀÇ ÀÌÁß°áÇÕ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼ö¼Ò¿øÀÚµéÀÇ cis-¹è¿ »óŸ¦ enoyl CoA isomerase°¡ trans ¥Ä2·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾î ´Ù½Ã Çѹø »êȰ¡ ÀϾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. À̶§ acyl-CoA dehydrogenase°¡ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ°í ³ª¸é trans-¥Ä2,cis-¥Ä4-enoyl CoA°¡ »ý±ä´Ù. À̰Ϳ¡ 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase°¡ ÀÛ¿ëÇϸé trans-¥Ä2°¡ ¸¸µé¾îÁö°í, À̰ÍÀº ´Ù½Ã Çѹø enoyl-CoA isomerase°¡ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ¿© trans-¥Ä2·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾î °è¼ÓÀûÀÎ »êȸ¦ °¡´ÉÄÉ ÇÑ´Ù.
3) Ȧ¼öÀÇ Åº¼Ò¸¦ °¡Áø Áö¹æ»êÀÇ »êÈ
Ȧ¼öÀÇ Áö¹æ»êÀº Æ÷À¯µ¿¹°¿¡¼´Â µå¹°Áö¸¸ ½Ä¹°À̳ª ÇØ¾ç À¯±âü¿¡¼ ÈçÇÏ´Ù. Æ÷À¯µ¿¹°ÀÌ ÀÌ·± Áö¹æÀ» ¼·ÃëÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì ¥â-»êȸ¦ °ÅÃÄ ¸¶Áö¸· »êȰúÁ¤¿¡¼ acetyl CoA°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó 3ź´çÀÇ propionyl CoA°¡ »ý¼ºµÈ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº methylmalonyl CoA¿Í succinyl CoA¸¦ °ÅÃÄ TCA cycle·Î µé¾î°£´Ù.
*** Methylmalonyl CoA mutase (ÀÚ¸®¿Å±è È¿¼Ò): CobalaminÀ» º¸°á¿øÀÚ´ÜÀ¸·Î º¸À¯Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. Cobalamin¿¡ ÀÖ´Â cobalt¿øÀÚ´Â 4°³ÀÇ ÇÇ·Ñ°í¸®¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Áú¼Ò¿øÀÚ¿Í °áÇÕÀ» ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, 5¹øÂ° ġȯ±â´Â D ÇÇ·Ñ ring¿¡¼ ³ª¿Â °ç°¡ÁöÀÇ Áú¼Ò¿øÀÚÀÌ´Ù. 6¹øÂ° ġȯ±â´Â -CH3, OH-, ¶Ç´Â 5'-deoxyadenosyl ±âÀÌ´Ù. cobalt¿øÀÚ´Â +1, +2, +3ÀÇ »êÈ»óŸ¦ °¡Áø´Ù. OH-°¡ °áÇÕµÈ hydroxocobalaminÀº +3ÀÇ »óÅÂÀ̸ç, 2¹øÀÇ È¯¿øÀ» °ÅÃÄ +1ÀÎ »óÅ¿¡¼ ATPÀÇ 5'-ź¼Ò¿øÀÚ¸¦ °ø°ÝÇÏ¿© »ïÀλê±â¸¦ ¸ô¾Æ³»°í ¾Æµ¥³ë½Å°ú °áÇÕÇÑ 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalaminÀ» Çü¼ºÇÑ´Ù. À̰ÍÀÌ È°¼ºÀÎ ÇüÅ·μ ´ÙÀ½ ¼¼°¡ÁöÀÇ ¹ÝÀÀÀ» Ã˸ÅÇÑ´Ù. (1)ºÐÀÚ³» ÀÚ¸® ¿Å±è, (2)¸ÞÆ¿È ¹ÝÀÀ, (3)ribonucleotideÀÇ deoxyribonucleotide·ÎÀÇ È¯¿ø. ÀÌÁß (1)(2)´Â Æ÷À¯µ¿¹°¿¡¼ ÀÌ Á¶È¿¼Ò¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Ã˸ŵǴ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ´Ù.
Homolytic cleavage¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ÀÚÀ¯¶óµðÄ® Çü¼º: ÄÚ¹ßÆ® ¿øÀÚ ÁÖÀ§ÀÇ steric crowding ¶§¹®¿¡ stronger bond Çü¼ºÀÌ ¹æÇصǾî ÄÚ¹ßÆ®¿Í -CH2 »çÀÌÀÇ °áÇÕÀº ¾àÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ½±°Ô Àý´ÜµÇ¸é¼ ¶óµðÄ®À» Çü¼ºÇÑ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ Àý´Ü¿¡¼´Â heterolytic cleavageÀÌ´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ÀüÀÚ¸¦ ²ø¾î´ç±â´Â Á¤µµ°¡ Â÷À̰¡ ³ª±â ¶§¹®¿¡ °øÀ¯ÀüÀÚ¸¦ ¸ðµÎ °¡Áö°í ¶³¾îÁö°Å³ª, ¾Æ´Ï¸é ÀüºÎ ÁÖ°í ¶³¾îÁö´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀϹÝÀûÀÌ´Ù.
4) alpha oxidation
Ȧ¼öÀÇ Åº¼ÒÀ§Ä¡¿¡ ¾Ëų±â¸¦ °¡Áø °¡Áö Ä£ Áö¹æ»êÀÇ °æ¿ì ¥â-»êÈ¿¡´Â ÀûÇÕÄ¡ ¸øÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ·± °æ¿ì ¥á-»êȰ¡ ÁøÇàµÈ´Ù. long chain alcoholÀÎ phytol(chlorophyllÀÇ ¼ººÐ)ÀÇ »êÈ¿¡ °ü¿©.
ÆäÇÁ¼¶ º´À̶ó°í ¥á-»êÈ¿¡ °áÇÔÀÌ Àִ ȯÀÚ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ȯÀÚÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â Ŭ·Î·ÎÇÊÀ» ¼·ÃëÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¾ßÇϸç, ä½Ä¼º µ¿¹°ÀÇ À°·ùµµ ¼·ÃëÇØ¼´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù.
5) ´Ù¸¥ ¼¼Æ÷³» ±â°ü¿¡¼ÀÇ Áö¹æ»ê »êÈ
Peroxisome¿¡¼´Â ¥â-»êÈÀÇ Ã¹ ¹øÂ° ´Ü°è¸¦ acyl-CoA oxidase°¡ Ã˸ÅÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ È¿¼Ò´Â ÀüÀÚ¸¦ Á÷Á¢ »ê¼Ò¿¡ Àü´ÞÇÏ¿© hydrogen peroxide¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ÀüÀÚ°¡ ÀüÀÚÀü´Þ°è·Î µé¾î°¡Áö ¸øÇϹǷΠ³·Àº ATP ¼öÀ²À» °¡Áø´Ù. ³ª¸ÓÁö »êȰúÁ¤Àº ¹ÌÅäÄܵ帮¾Æ¿¡¼¿Í µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù. Acyl-CoA oxidase´Â 6-8 ȤÀº ±× ÀÌÇÏÀÇ Áö¹æ»ê¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼´Â Ȱ¼ºÀ» °¡ÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í À¯»çÇÑ È¿¼Ò´Â ½Ä¹°ÀÇ glyoxisome¿¡µµ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù.
omega oxidation: rat liver microsome¿¡¼ ¹ß°ßµÈ minor pathway·Î¼ ¸»´Ü methyl±âºÎÅÍ »êÈÇØ³ª°¡¸ç, short-chain Áö¹æ»ê ( C6 - C10 ) »êÈ¿¡¼ Áß¿äÇÏ°Ô ÀÛ¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ °æ·Î¿¡¼´Â ½ÃÅäÅ©·Ò p450¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¸»´ÜÀÇ ¸ÞÆ¿±â°¡ Ä«¸£º¹½Ã±â·Î »êȵǾî dicarboxylic acid°¡ ¸¸µé¾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸»´ÜÀÇ µÎ Ä«¸£º¹½Ã±â Áß Çϳª´Â CoA¿Í °áÇÕÇÏ¿© ¥â-»êȰ¡ ÁøÇàµÈ´Ù.
5. Ketone bodies; acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate, acetone
Acetyl CoA°¡ TCA cycle·Î µé¾î°¡±â À§Çؼ´Â oxaloacetate°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ź¼öȹ°ÀÌ ºÎÁ·ÇÏ¿© oxaloacetate ³óµµ°¡ ³·¾ÆÁö¸é acetyl CoA´Â TCA cycle·Î µé¾î°¡Áö ¸øÇϰí ÄÉÅæÃ¼µéÀ» Çü¼ºÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÄÉÅæÃ¼µéÀÇ ÁÖ»ý¼ºÀå¼Ò´Â °£ (±×·¯³ª °£ ÀÚü´Â ÀÌ¿ëÇÏÁö ¸øÇÔ)À¸·Î À̵éÀº liver mitochondria·Î ºÎÅÍ È®»êµÇ¾î ³ª¿Í Ç÷¾×À» ÅëÇØ peripheral Á¶Á÷À¸·Î Àü´ÞµÈ´Ù. ÄÉÅæÃ¼µéÀº À̰÷¿¡¼ ´Ù½Ã acetyl-CoA·Î ÀüȯµÇ¾î ÀÌ¿ëµÈ´Ù.
½ÉÀå±ÙÀ°°ú ½ÅÀåÀÇ ÇÇÁúÀº glucose º¸´Ù acetoacetate¸¦ ´õ Àß ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ´Ù°í Çϸç, ³úµµ Á¤»ó »óÅ¿¡¼´Â glucose¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇϳª, ´Ü½Ä, ´ç´¢ µîÀÇ »óÅ¿¡¼´Â acetoacetate¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇϵµ·Ï ÀûÀÀµÈ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ acetacetate´Â acetyl unitÀÇ water-soluble, transportable formÀ¸·Î »ý°¢µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
´ç´¢º´ ȯÀÚÀÇ °æ¿ì ±Û·çÄÚ¿ÀÁ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏÁö ¸øÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ±Û·çÄÚ¿ÀÁîÀÇ ½Å»ýÇÕ¼ºÀ¸·Î °¡´ÉÇÑ oxaloacetateÀÇ ¾çÀÌ ºÎÁ·ÇÏ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ Áö¹æ»êÀÌ ºÐÇØµÇ¾îµµ TCA ȸ·Î·Î µé¾î°¥ ¼ö ¾ø¾î ´Ù·®ÀÇ ÄÉÅæÃ¼µéÀÌ »ý±â°Ô µÈ´Ù. ´ç´¢º´¿¡´Â Á¦ IÇü°ú Á¦ IIÇü µÎ°¡Áö°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. Á¦ IÇüÀº Àν¶¸° ºÐºñ¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ìÀ̰í, Á¦IIÇüÀº Àν¶¸° ¼ö¿ëü¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì´Ù.